Textbook of AI

1963–, Chess grandmaster

Also known as: Garry Kimovich Kasparov

Garry Kimovich Kasparov is a Russian-Croatian chess grandmaster who held the World Chess Championship from 1985 to 1993 (FIDE) and from 1993 to 2000 (PCA). He is widely regarded as one of the strongest chess players in history; the longest-held world No. 1 ranking in chess history (255 months) is his.

Kasparov played two notable matches against IBM's Deep Blue chess computer. In 1996 in Philadelphia he won 4–2; in 1997 in New York, against an upgraded Deep Blue, he lost 3.5–2.5, the first reigning world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls. Kasparov has written extensively about the implications, including in his 2017 book Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins. He has also been an outspoken Russian opposition political figure since his retirement from professional chess in 2005.